文献考察1):真の”infectious gastroenteritis”が虫垂炎を合併する.
Murch SH. Diarrhoea, diagnostic delay, and appendicitis.
Lancet. 2000 Sep 2;356(9232):787. PMID: 11022923
文献考察2):小児急性虫垂炎,下痢を伴う急性虫垂炎に注意.
【小児救急医療の実際 重症化の予知とその対策】 おもな救急疾患 小児急性虫垂炎
Author:伊藤重彦(北九州市立八幡病院), 鹿島清隆, 木戸川秀生
Source:小児科診療(0386-9806)64巻11号 Page1876-1880(2001.11)
Abstract:小児急性虫垂炎の診断・治療,及び診断遅延を回避するための留意点について報告した.自験例480例の検討では5歳以上症例は全体の7.3%,穿孔率37.1%であった.初診時既に抗生物質が投与されていた症例が37.7%であり,抗生物質投与例に蜂窩織性以上の手術適応症例が多かった.小児急性虫垂炎の病期診断は決して容易ではなく,腹部超音波,腹部CT,腹部理学所見,白血球数,CRP値などを経時的,総合的に評価することが必要である. 追記:急性虫垂炎の主症状は右下腹部痛,悪心と発熱である.学童期になると主症状を認める症例が多くなるが,5歳以下の年少児では下痢,嘔吐,食欲不振など急性腸炎と同様な症状が主体である.診断遅延により穿孔例が多い.診断遅延の主な原因は,1:急性腸炎との鑑別が困難,2:画像診断にたよりすぎる診断・治療,3:外科医と小児科医の連携不足.初診時に小児科医が急性腸炎と診断してしまうケースが最も問題である.急性虫垂炎の可能性を常に念頭におき,いつでも外科医にコンサルト出来る体制こそが診断遅延を回避するポイントである.
文献考察3):小児急性虫垂炎.3歳以下の乳児の急性虫垂炎63例中,33%に下痢を認めたため診断が困難になり穿孔率は84%であった.下痢の鑑別診断に急性虫垂炎を念頭におくべき.
Am J Surg. 1997 Feb;173(2):80-2. Importance of diarrhea as a presenting symptom of appendicitis in very young children.
Horwitz JR, Gursoy M, Jaksic T, Lally KP.
BACKGROUND: Appendicitis is an uncommon diagnosis in very young children. It is frequently complicated by delays in diagnosis, perforation, and lengthy hospital stays. OBJECTIVES: To review our recent experience with appendicitis among children younger than 3 years old, and to identify the independent predictors of a prolonged hospital stay. METHODS: A retrospective case series review was performed on all children under age 3 who had an appendectomy for appendicitis between January 1983 and February 1994. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictors of a prolonged hospital stay. RESULTS: Sixty-three children were identified. Mean age was 2.2 years (range 11 to 35 months). The mean delay from onset of symptoms to presentation was 4.3 days. Fifty-seven percent were initially misdiagnosed. Diarrhea was reported in 33%. Perforation and/or gangrene were found in 84%. Perforation and/or gangrene at laparotomy and a history of diarrhea at presentation were independent predictors of a prolonged hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: Appendicitis in children under 3 years old is characterized by delays in diagnosis and perforation. A history of diarrhea is an important factor that confuses the diagnosis, prolongs the observation period, and delays appropriate therapy. PMID: 9074368 追記:急性虫垂炎に伴う下痢は(虫垂炎によるS状結腸の刺激によるもので)少量便の下痢で,便培養は陰性,腸炎による下痢は大量の水様便である.
|